Liberalism and State Power in Modern Societies

This book delves into the evolution of liberalism and its ongoing relationship with state power in modern societies, examining the philosophical foundations, historical development, and contemporary challenges faced by liberal thought. Spanning a wide array of topics, the book explores how liberalism has navigated the complex terrain of individual liberty, economic policies, social justice, and global governance, while responding to the changing dynamics of politics, technology, and environmental crises. Beginning with its roots in Enlightenment thought, the narrative traces the rise of liberalism through key historical events such as the American and French Revolutions, the expansion of civil rights, and the establishment of the welfare state. As liberalism matured, it encountered significant tests, including the rise of totalitarianism, populism, and economic inequalities, prompting debates about its relevance in the face of new challenges. The text also addresses the profound impact of technological change, the global rise of authoritarianism, and the limitations of neoliberal policies in the twenty-first century. In particular, the book examines how liberalism's commitment to individual freedom and democratic governance is increasingly challenged by global inequalities, climate change, surveillance capitalism, and the power of multinational corporations. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, philosophical ideas, and historical case studies, the book ultimately asks whether liberalism can evolve to meet the demands of a rapidly changing world or whether it risks becoming obsolete in the face of growing nationalism, economic disruption, and technological transformation. By exploring the contradictions within liberal thought and the ways in which it has adapted over time, this work offers a comprehensive and critical analysis of liberalism's past, present, and potential future. It challenges readers to consider how liberal values—freedom, equality, and democracy—can be reimagined in a globalized, interconnected society, and whether these ideals can be preserved and strengthened in the face of contemporary global challenges.