New Kingdom of Egypt, The

The rise of the New Kingdom marks one of the most pivotal periods in Egyptian history, signaling the transformation of Egypt from a regional power to an expansive empire. This era began with the fall of the Middle Kingdom, a time of political instability and foreign invasions. As Egypt struggled with weak leadership and incursions from Asiatic and Nubian forces, the foundations were laid for the emergence of a new, more robust regime. The decisive moment came with the reign of Ahmose I, who is credited with founding the 18th Dynasty and expelling the Hyksos invaders from the Delta region. Ahmose's victory over these foreign rulers was symbolic not only of military prowess but also of a reassertion of Egyptian identity and unity. This victory allowed the pharaohs of the New Kingdom to solidify their power and embark on territorial expansion that would characterize much of their rule. Ahmose's successors built upon his military success. They began to push Egypt's borders further into Nubia to the south and the Levant to the north, extending Egypt’s reach and influence. The New Kingdom was thus defined by an ambitious policy of imperial expansion, which required a well-organized military and a stable central government. The initial successes of the 18th Dynasty laid the groundwork for the period's most famous rulers, such as Thutmose III, whose campaigns in Syria and Palestine created an empire that stretched far beyond Egypt’s traditional borders.