Constantinople

Constantinople, a city that witnessed the rise and fall of empires, served as the capital for three significant civilizations: the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the capital was moved to Ankara, marking a new chapter in Turkish history. In 1930, the city was officially renamed Istanbul, which remains the Republic of Turkey’s largest city and financial center today. It is also the largest city in Europe. In 324 AD, Emperor Constantine the Great made the fateful decision to transform the old city of Byzantium into a grand new capital, naming it "New Rome" and consecrating it on May 11, 330 AD. This strategic move solidified the city’s place in history, becoming the heart of the Eastern Roman Empire, later known as the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople became a symbol of Orthodox Christianity, often referred to as the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization." The city's religious and cultural significance cannot be overstated; it was home to some of the most iconic architectural and religious sites in the Christian world. From the mid-fifth to the early-thirteenth century, Constantinople was Europe's largest, most affluent metropolis, a center of commerce, culture, and intellectual activity.