The Marines' Fight for Survival: War, Politics, and Institutional Crisis, 1945-1952

The compelling history of how the US Marines and their allies fought to preserve the Corps and establish its role in national defense. Only five years after Marines raised the American flag on Iwo Jima, the United States Marine Corps was close to becoming a hollow force. A parsimonious Truman administration and a hostile defense secretary, Louis Johnson, had reduced the Corps to a handful of understrength infantry battalions, assorted supporting artillery and tank units, and twelve aircraft squadrons. Its future hung in the balance. In The Marines' Fight for Survival, historian and retired Marine Corps Colonel Rod Andrew Jr. guides readers through the dramatic twists and turns of the campaign waged by a handful of senior Marines, citizens, legislators, and journalists to defend the Corps and prevent its elimination or forced irrelevance. Through politicking, intrigue, deception, and extreme moral courage, the Corps' defenders waged a bitter battle of policy and publicity in the halls of power and the national media. But while this campaign of persuasion moved the needle in some important ways, the final victory for the Marines' future was ultimately won on the battlefields of Korea. Andrew argues that it was the gritty performance of the frontline Marines and their supporting airmen in Korea that ultimately saved the Corps. The elite reputation that they created for themselves, and the affection they had garnered from the public throughout the twentieth century, would not have been possible without the valor and the victories of frontline Marines. The Corps' place in the national defense structure was sealed with the Douglas-Mansfield Act of 1952, in which Congress granted a legal voice to the USMC Commandant on the Joint Chiefs of Staff and made the Corps the only service branch to have a permanent minimal strength protected by law.