Calcium Carbonate: From the Cretaceous Period into the 21st Century

I. G OLOGY OF CALCIUM CARBO ATE 1 by Jacques Geyssant 1. Features and characteristics of calcium carbonate 2 1. 1 Calcium carbonate - a special compound 2 1. 2 The crystal forms of calcium carbonate - mineralogy 9 2. The limestones - development and classification 15 2. 1 Sedimentation 16 2. 2 Diagenesis - from sediment to rock 23 2. 3 Classification of the limestones 24 2. 4 Metamorphism - from limestone to marble 26 2. 5 Carbonatites - extraordinary limestones 29 3. Limestone deposits 31 3. 1 Recognition of limestones 31 3. 2 Distribution on the Earth's surface 33 3. 3 Limestone deposits in the geological ages 36 3. 4 CaC0 cycle 42 3 3. 5 Industrially exploitable CaC0 deposits 3 44 53 II. TH C LT RAt HI TORY F LIME TONE by Johannes Rohleder 1. The history of chalk 55 2. Marble and limestone 69 2. 1 Quarrying stones 70 2. 2 Transport, organisation and trade 80 2. 3 The uses 97 137 III. CALCI M CARBOl\ATE - A MODER RESOURCE 1. The beginnings: Calcium carbonate in glazing putty and rubber 138 by Johannes Rohleder 1. 1 A chalk industry is born 139 1. 2 Rubber and glazing putty 142 1. 3 From chalk to calcium carbonate 156 2. Calcium carbonate - pigment and filler 160 by Eberhard Huwald 2. 1 Properties and effects of a filler 164 2. 2 Chalk, limestone, marble, pec - common features and differences 165 2. 2.