Commodity and Resource Policies in Agricultural Systems

Agricultural, natural resource, and environmental problems are becom­ ing increasingly interdependent. For example, soil erosion is largely determined by agricultural land use. Both water use and water con­ tamination depend on land use and technology choice in agriculture. In many areas, the fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture are ma­ jor pollutants of ground and surface water, having adverse effects on drinking water and fisheries. Agricultural pollutants such as pesticides also produce adverse health effects for agricultural workers and the consuming public. On the other hand, the availability of water resources and the value of competing land uses influence agricultural production. Additionally, regional air quality problems may affect crops and global environmental trends may have long-term implica­ tions for farming. Agriculture, natural resources and environmental quality are all heavily regulated in the U. S. , but they are done so by a vast array of competing or unrelated agencies within the U. S. Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Commerce, the Environmental Protection Agency; and numerous state agencies. Considering the large number of bureaucratically remote public agencies involved and the pervasive in­ terdependencies between agriculture, natural resources and the environ­ ment, policies develop which are at best uncoordinated and at worst conflicting and counterproductive. These policies have become sources of controversy as different interest groups struggle to affect their im­ plementation, as different agencies have fought for administrative con­ trol and as legislative bodies have attempted to enact piecemeal changes.