Engineering and Technology: Volume 2

This volume presents a comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed articles from the Fifth International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (5ICGE 2025), held between 1st and 3rd July 2025, at Komar University of Science and Technology in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. It combines cutting-edge research, practical insights, and scholarly debate across multiple engineering disciplines, including geotechnical and civil engineering, energy systems, advanced technologies, architectural engineering, water resources, environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering. The publication offers readers access to diverse research contributions spanning geotechnical engineering innovations, structural engineering solutions, construction management strategies, sustainability practices, and materials technology. Key benefits include exposure to novel soil stabilization techniques, advanced foundation systems, sustainable construction materials, machine learning applications in engineering, and environmental remediation technologies. The volume features research on practical applications such as slope stability prediction, deep excavation analysis, waste material utilization in construction, and renewable energy systems. Contributors represent esteemed universities and institutions from multiple countries, providing international perspectives on contemporary engineering challenges and solutions. This publication serves as an invaluable reference for practicing engineers, academic researchers, and professionals in geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, structural design, construction materials, and project management. The target audience includes graduate students, faculty members, consulting engineers, government agencies, and industry professionals seeking current research developments and innovative solutions in civil and geotechnical engineering applications.