The Living Tree of Mathematics: Mathematics of Middle School Curriculum through the Lens of History

This book explores the key concepts of middle school mathematics such as fractions, negative numbers, arithmetical operations, variables, the coordinate plane, and measurement formulas. It also highlights the rarely examined notions of the tree of mathematics and language of mathematics. The practical content knowledge is scaffolded using the history of the concepts in mathematics of various cultures around the world. The rich material for culturally responsive pedagogy is provided by relevant historical vignettes and alternative mathematical approaches.