Special issues in hypertension

Part I 1 Prehypertension: Definitions, Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Approaches—To Treat or not to Treat? 2 Clinical Significance and Treatment Requirements in White Coat and Masked Hypertension 3 Resistant Hypertension: Epidemiological and Evolving Therapeutic Concepts 4 Primary Aldosteronism: Rare or Common Condition in Hypertensive Patients and Normotensive Individuals? 5 Hypertension in the Very Old: Special Features, Therapeutic Approaches, and Problems Part II 6 Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Clinical Practice: Clinical Relevance of Circadian Rhythm and Nocturnal Dip 7 Morning Surge in Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Clinical Relevance, Prognostic Significance, and Therapeutic Approach 8 Short-Term and Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability 9 Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension 10 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 11 Hypertension, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome 12 Salt, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease 13 The Optic Fundus and Retinal Circulation: New Technology for an Old Examination Part III 14 Arterial Stiffness as an Early Marker of Organ Damage 15 Central Aortic Pressure: The Next Frontier in Blood Pressure Measurement? 16 Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension: The Role of Subclinical Organ Damage 17 The Microcirculation and Hypertension 18 Smoking, Nicotine and Blood Pressure 19 Biomarkers in Hypertension Part IV 20 Antihypertensive Therapy Benefits: Pleiotropic Versus Blood Pressure-Dependent Mechanisms 21 Blood Pressure Targets with Antihypertensive Treatment 22 The Role of the Polypill in Hypertension 23 J-Curve Phenomenon: Does It Exist? 24 Residual Risk in Treated Hypertension 25 Poor BP Control in the Hypertensive Population: Which Factors are Involved? 26 Ramadan Fasting in Health and Disease 27 Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Blood Pressure 28 Treating Pain and Inflammation in Hypertension 29 Sexual Function in Untreated and Treated Hypertension 30 Cognitive Function and Dementia in Hypertension: Epidemiologic and Therapeutic Aspects 31 Can Hypertension Be Prevented? 32 Atrial Fibrillation. Modern Epidemiologic and Therapeutic Aspects 33 Genetics and Hypertension: Which Information for Clinical Practice 34 Dual Blockade of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System: Benefits Versus Adverse Outcomes 35 The Long-Term Effects of RAAS Blockade on Renal Function