The Second Sun in the Sky: Mankind's Tryst with Nuclear Weapons - First Nuclear Age - 1945-1991 - The Cold War

On July 16, 1945, at 05:25 AM, just half-an-hour prior to sunrise, the Second Sun rose in New Mexico's night sky with the Trinity test which brilliantly lit up the dark sky with light so bright that it forced even a blind girl to literally sit-up from sleep and notice the resulting flash even 100 miles away from the Alamogordo test site. The first nuclear age, thus, witnessed the detonation & testing of nuclear weapons on land, below the surface, under water as well as in space; as humanity was still coming to grips with the immense power of the atom which is 100 million times more powerful than typical chemical reactions. It also further increased the self-destructive capability of humans by another million times within less than 2 decades of the end of WWII. The first nuclear age also witnessed the mass production of nuclear weapons with almost 70,000+ nukes produced collectively, along with the development of a range of exotic strategic & tactical nukes ranging from nuclear artillery shells, tactical missiles, depth charges, landmines and even backpacks with the probability of their accidental launch triggering an accidental, all-out nuclear war becoming a very real possibility through the Cold War. This effort takes-off at the promising dawn of the atomic age and longitudinally tracks as to how the benevolent promises of the power of the atom and a super weapon to end all wars, instead, turned into a curse for mankind. It builds and presents the real, behind-the- scenes narrative on the first nuclear age with a longitudinal, relative, global and technological perspective based on recently declassified documents, highly classified CIA & KGB files, papers & reports from the era, interviews & perspectives shared by the scientists & personnel actually involved and latest scientific researches revealing & providing an impact assessment of the cavalier nuclear missions, operations & activities deemed innocuous at the time. It also unravels as to how the scientists, test planners & officials of the era were reckless in their approach as well as conduct with limited scientific knowledge, precedents & awareness being available and/or lack of proactive & preventive efforts to minimize impact owing to the paramount need to maintain secrecy. Prominent examples of it were:- 1. limited awareness of the EMP effects created on Earth by nuclear detonations in outer space as demonstrated via Op Argus in 1958, Op Starfish Prime in 1962 and the Soviet K3 nuclear test of 1962 which destroyed a power plant in today's Kazakhstan, 2. establishment of the U.S. nuclear testing site in Nevada desert on the West coast despite meteorological warnings which ultimately led to radioactive fallout across the entire nation over the subsequent decades, 3. the reckless approach to Castle Bravo detonation of 1954, wherein, the explosive yield of the detonated thermonuclear device far surpassed the expected yield by more than 2.5 times (at 15 megatons against 6 MT) owing to limited scientific awareness at the time about the effect of Lithium-7, used as Lithium Deuteride, which was incorrectly perceived as inert, in the fusion fuel and 4. absurd U.S. plans to use nuclear detonations to widen Panama canal and to detonate 500 hydrogen bombs of 2 MT yield to create an alternate waterway to the Suez Canal in the 1960s. Ultimately, the first nuclear age, came at a staggering financial, human & environmental cost to mankind, especially in the Global South; as the U.S. nuclear weapons program alone is estimated to have cost a whopping $5.7 trillion to the exchequer over the span of half-a-century, from 1941 to 1991, while causing prolonged and serious damage to the environment as well as human settlements, courtesy radioactivity and very long half-lives of most radioactive elements, which far surpasses the relatively feeble & ephemeral human existence on Earth...