The axis vertebra

The axis (second cervical) vertebra is of special interest owing to its particular anatomy, biomechanics, and position in the spine. Despite this, the role of the axis in the function of the cervical spine and the nature of its involvement in trauma and other pathological conditions are still not completely understood. This book covers all aspects of the axis vertebra and its disorders. Embryologic development, normal anatomy, and biomechanics of the axis and upper cervical spine are first discussed, and imaging appearances explained with the aid of standard radiographs and images obtained using advanced techniques. Congenital anomalies, fractures, infections, and tumors (benign and malignant) are then discussed in depth in individual sections. Detailed attention is paid to the different types of fracture and ligamentous injury, and the relevant surgical approaches are described. The Axis Vertebra is based on the personal experience and expertise of the contributing authors, enhanced by up-to-date information drawn from the literature. It will appeal to a range of practitioners, including orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, physical medicine and rehabilitation doctors, and physical therapists.