Arab Spring, The

The Arab Spring, a series of pro-democracy uprisings, protests, and revolutions that swept across the Arab world beginning in late 2010, marked a significant turning point in the modern history of the Middle East. The movement, which began in Tunisia and quickly spread to other countries including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria, and Bahrain, was driven by widespread discontent with authoritarian regimes, economic inequality, and a lack of political freedoms. The Arab Spring was not a single, unified event but rather a collection of distinct yet interconnected uprisings fueled by both longstanding grievances and immediate catalysts. It highlighted the power of ordinary citizens in challenging deeply entrenched political systems, showing the world that the will for change could be powerful even in the face of brutal government repression. The Arab Spring began on December 17, 2010, when Mohamed Bouazizi, a street vendor in Tunisia, set himself on fire in protest of police harassment and government corruption. His act of desperation sparked mass protests throughout Tunisia, which eventually led to the ousting of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. This success encouraged similar uprisings in neighboring countries, particularly in Egypt, where mass protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square forced President Hosni Mubarak to resign after 30 years in power. These initial successes ignited a wave of hope across the Arab world that authoritarian regimes could be overthrown and democratic reforms could be achieved.