Geographically Embedded World Economic Hubs: Enduring Growth Across Four Major Bay Areas

This book develops the concept and theory of geographically embedded world economic hubs through a comparative analysis of developmental strengths of the four major bay areas in the world — the San Francisco Bay Area, the New York Bay Area, the Tokyo Bay Area, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The book discusses the outstanding socioeconomic features of these regions from the perspectives of sci-tech innovation, government-enterprise relations, talent cultivation, and financial market development and examines the embeddedness of innovation factors and resources in these four major bay areas. Such embeddedness emerges from the three open systems of science, education, and talent; enterprise; and finance. The book draws policy implications for cities and regions that seek value-added growth and transformation.