A Science Strategy for the Human Exploration of Mars

When astronauts set foot on Mars, it will be one of humanity's greatest milestones. These first steps will be the result of decades of research, engineering, and imagination coming together, marking the beginning of a new era of discovery on another planet. A Science Strategy for the Human Exploration of Mars identifies the highest-priority science objectives for the first human mission to Mars, placing the search for life at the top of the list. The report examines scientific opportunities across Mars' geology, climate, water and CO? cycles, dust storms, and the environmental factors affecting human health and biological systems. It evaluates four potential multi-mission campaign concepts and outlines how crew-led science, robotic tools, drilling, and sample return can work together to advance understanding of Mars and prepare for sustained human exploration.