Why England Slept

“England made many mistakes; she is paying heavily for them now. In studying the reasons why England slept, let us try to profit by them and save ourselves her anguish.” – John F. Kennedy In 1938, British statesman and soon-to-be Prime Minister Winston Churchill published his book Arms and the Covenant. It was published three months later in the United States under the title While England Slept; A Survey of World Affairs, 1932-1938. In While England Slept, Churchill emphasized England’s lack of military readiness or a realistic plan to face the threat of Hitler and Nazi Germany's Anschluss, their territorial aggression and expansionism into the rest of Europe. He particularly targeted in his critique, the British government, led by the Conservative Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, directly leading to widespread public dissatisfaction over the Munich Agreement and England’s dovish policy of “appeasement.” In 1940, future President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, who was a senior at Harvard University, wrote his dissertation, criticizing Churchill’s harsh blame of England’s leaders, even drawing comparisons between England and the United States for its own similar lack of preparedness against the totalitarian Nazi regime. Alluding to the title While England Slept, named his book, Why England Slept. Discover all of this and more in this beautifully designed deluxe original classic 1940 edition of the work. “To say that all the blame must rest on the shoulders of Neville Chamberlain or of Stanley Baldwin, is to overlook the obvious. As the leaders, they are, of course, gravely and seriously responsible. But, given the conditions of democratic government… it is unreasonable to blame the entire situation on one man or group.” – JFK